Tango takes two: the contribution of Lithuanian state leaders in creating a supportive environment for diaspora engagement – the case of Vytautas Landsbergis

Abstract

The restoration of independence in 1990 highlighted the role of Vytautas Landsbergis, the first head of the re-established Lithuanian state. He played a key part in strengthening ties with the Lithuanian diaspora. Under his leadership, transformative initiatives were launched to involve Lithuanians abroad in shaping the nation’s future. Their contributions were recognized as vital to achieving independence. Efforts to develop a diaspora policy also began, aiming to integrate Lithuanians abroad into Lithuania’s political, economic, and cultural life. Landsbergis fostered a partnership with the diaspora, encouraging it not only to support Lithuania’s independence but also to contribute to the development of the newly forming state’s well-being. However, early legal acts related to diaspora sparked debate. Although citizenship and property restoration laws sought to maintain a legal connection with the diaspora, restrictions on dual or multiple citizenship and requirements for permanent residence in Lithuania did not align with the expectations of the diaspora. Nevertheless, Landsbergis’ initiatives laid the groundwork for long-term ties between the diaspora and Lithuania, and his efforts created conditions for the development of these relations, even if the political decisions of the time were limited by the realities of the period. According to researchers like Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff, effective diaspora policy requires institutional capacity and a legal framework designed to foster and enhance emigrants’ active participation in the nation’s life. Landsbergis’ contribution, though somewhat ambiguous due to certain legal restrictions, was significant – he set the directions and foundations of diaspora policy that encouraged the diaspora to contribute to the creation of an independent Lithuania’s future.