ANALYSIS OF GEODETIC SURVEYING AND CADASTRAL DATA UPDATING PROCESSES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENERGY STORAGE FACILITIES

Abstract

This article examines the specifics of geodetic measurement accuracy, process management, and aspects of cadastral data updating during the installation of foundations for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). Applying the method of comparative analysis, two analogous projects were investigated: a facility in the Trakai district (8 blocks) and a battery park in the Panevėžys district (11 blocks), both executed by the same contracting organization but applying different intensities of geodetic control. During the study, the absolute (spatial position) and relative (internal geometry) setting-out accuracy of the foundations, as well as the impact of the human factor on the final result, were evaluated. A direct correlation was established between the frequency of intermediate geodetic inspections and the absolute vertical accuracy of foundation installation. In the Trakai district project, by applying an enhanced control model (5 site visits, marking both corners and construction axes), high vertical accuracy was achieved (mean absolute deviation ΔZ = 7.6 mm). Meanwhile, in the Panevėžys district project, where processes were optimized to minimal control due to time constraints (2 site visits, corner marking only), the absolute vertical error almost doubled (to 15.1 mm). It should be noted that both projects successfully maintained the relative accuracy of <5 mm (between points within a single block) required by the equipment manufacturers, without exceeding the allowable absolute displacement tolerance of 20 mm. The analysis of the results revealed that the primary delays in project handover and the preparation of cadastral files arise not from field measurements, but from the complex registration and coordination of absolute displacements (within the 10–20 mm range) in stringent information systems. The findings of the conducted study also lead to the conclusion that the engineering success of BESS projects and the smooth updating of cadastral data depend on the mandatory setting-out of construction axes and periodic geodetic control (a minimum of 4–5 site visits), which ensures compliance with both the manufacturers' requirements and legal tolerances.