Speech register of female teachers in primary education: a quantitative analysis during teaching of the Slovak language in Slovakia

Abstract

This study examined the frequency and variation of speech registers used by Slovak primary teachers across grades 1–4. Based on 32 observed lessons, teachers most often used calls, instructions, information requests, and encouragement. Praise and warnings were least frequent. Communicative acts were categorized by contact functions. The findings highlight authentic teacher–student interaction and differences in register use across grade levels.