STUDY OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PARAMETERS IN AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles due to their high energy and power density, but their performance is strongly affected by ambient temperature. This paper investigates how temperature influences the electrical characteristics of an electric vehicle lithium-ion battery. Experiments were carried out using specialized battery testing equipment by charging and discharging a Samsung NMC cell at +20 °C, 0 °C, and −20 °C while recording key electrical parameters. A battery model was developed in MATLAB Simulink and validated by comparing simulated and experimental results; the maximum voltage error did not exceed 7%. The validated model was then used to compare different battery chemistries (LiCoO₂, LiNiO₂, and LiFePO₄). The results show that lower temperatures reduce charge/discharge stability and available capacity and increase voltage drop under load, leading to slower energy transfer and decreased battery performance in cold conditions.