COMBATTING SMUGGLING NETWORKS: A STRATEGIC APPROACH FOR CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES

Abstract

This article explains the structure of smuggling networks and challenges they pose to customs authorities using Lithuania as one of examples. Smuggling networks are complex, adaptive, and often operate through decentralized systems that use encrypted technology, flexible logistics, and support from local communities. These networks create serious risks for customs by avoiding taxes, moving illegal goods such as drugs or counterfeit products. Not only does this harm customs authorities and national economies, but it also puts public health and safety at risk. Their resilience is often supported by socio-economic conditions in border regions, where smuggling may be seen as a legitimate income source. In 2024 alone, the Office of Lithuanian Customs launched investigations into 145 smuggling cases, showing the scale and urgency of the issue.  For this research literature analyses and statistical analyses have been used. Based on these analyses, the paper presents three main strategies that customs authorities could use to fight smuggling networks: strengthen national legislation, improve intelligence and data sharing and strengthen national cooperation. These strategies are effective because they reduce smuggling risks, strengthen the capacity of customs authorities, and improve coordination in detecting and preventing illegal trade.