NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF BIOFUELS ON INJECTION CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract

The article analyzes the influence of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME) on the fuel injection characteristics of a diesel engine Common Rail system. The aim of the study was to develop and experimentally validate a mathematical model of an electromagnetic injector and to evaluate the impact of biofuel physical properties on the injection process. Numerical simulations were performed in the MATLAB Simscape environment using an isothermal hydraulic model based on mass and energy conservation and fluid dynamics equations. Model parameters were defined according to injector internal geometry measurements and literature data on fuel properties. Experimental investigations were carried out using the Bosch method, examining the injection of mineral diesel, HVO, and RME at pressures of 60–180 MPa and different control pulse durations. Injection rate, duration, and cyclic fuel quantity were analyzed. The results showed good agreement between numerical and experimental data, with deviations generally within ±5 %. RME, due to its higher density and viscosity, increased injection duration and cyclic fuel quantity, whereas HVO exhibited characteristics close to mineral diesel. The developed model is suitable for evaluating biofuel effects on the injection process and optimizing diesel fuel systems.