GRASSLAND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OPTIMIZATION IN PEAT SOIL

Abstract

Research by farm production conditions by observation method in 2020-2021 to be carried out in Alfredas’s Stanevičius’s farm in Plungė district, in the eldership of Žemaičių Kalvarija, in the village of Pūčkoriai.

The object of the research - saturated grassland is installed in the peat soil.

The aim of the work: to optimize the botanical composition of old raw materials of the farm in A. Stanevičius's farm.

Objectives of the survey:

1. To evaluate the agrochemical indicators of the improved grassland.
2. To form a mixture and install a grassland according to the needs of the farm soils and livestock.
3. Compare the measures applied to the productivity of the new sown sward..

Research methods: Soil acidity, agrochemical indicators, grass productivity.

Research results: The soil of the experimental field grassland is acidic peat of organic origin, pH 5.6, very poor in phosphorus (P₂O₅ 30 mg kg^-1) and close to moderate potassium (K₂O 130 mg kg^-1). According to the agrochemical indicators of the soil, a mixture of 10 components of grasses, legumes and bellflowers, in the ratio of 40:60, was established in the area of 1.60 ha. In the control field, uncalcined and unfertilized grassland produced 8.11 t ha^-1 of green and 1.63 t ha^-1 of dry air in the year of sowing. Liming of peat soil significantly (3.05 t ha^-1) increased the yield of green mass, air drought increased by 0.6 t ha^-1. Then, fertilization of limed peat with complex fertilizers had an additional positive effect on the increase of green and air yields. In the limed and fertilized field, the grassland grew 12.33 t ha^-1 of green and 2.48 t ha^-1 of air-dry mass. The reaction of the saturated grassland in the unlimed soil did not change, the pH remained at 5.6. After acidification of the peat soil, the acidity of 330 kg ha^-1 decreased to pH 5.9, but this is not a favorable reaction for legumes. And after fertilizing the limed grass with an alkaline reaction complex fertilizer, one ton of which has the effect of 350 kg of lime. the soil reaction approached the beginning of the neutral soil range (pH 6.1). The field of the experiment is very poor in phosphorus, the liming of the soil increased the amount of mobile phosphorus by 6 mg kg^-1, and the alkaline reaction of the limed peat fertilization with complex fertilizers increased the amount of mobile phosphorus by another 3 mg kg^-1. Liming of acid peat did not have a significant effect on the increase in potassium, and complex fertilizers significantly increased the amount of mobile potassium (9 mg kg^-1).