THEORETICAL MODEL OF REVERSE LOGISTICS USING SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES

Abstract

In the conditions of the modern global economy, with the depletion of natural resources and the tightening of legal environmental regulations, the traditional linear production model is becoming unsustainable, therefore, there is a strategic need to introduce the principles of circular economy and reverse logistics into the supply chains of companies. The aim of this article is to develop a theoretical model of reverse logistics based on sustainability principles, which would enable companies to effectively manage return flows. The study employs the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, synthesis, logical structuring, and generalization. The results indicate that effective reverse logistics is grounded in the “triple bottom line” concept, which aligns economic, environmental, and social objectives. It was found that the successful implementation of sustainability principles is determined by a systemic hierarchy of factors, ranging from strong top management commitment and the adoption of digital technologies to the development of green infrastructure and the proactive involvement of partners and employees. Based on these findings, a multi-criteria decision-making and information flow management model was developed, reflecting the necessary transition from reactive physical logistics to proactive, data-driven process management. Such an integrated theoretical model enables organizations not only to significantly reduce their environmental footprint but also to develop flexible and resilient value chains that ensure long-term competitive advantage in a dynamic global market.